留学生如何写英文论文Essay?

留学生在英国求学期间几乎每天都会与英文论文打交道,英文论文这个概念实际上包含的种类很多,大体上都称作“英文论文”,其实,这个term包括了essay,paper,report,research proposal,thesis,dissertation以及literature review.它们的写法,有些微小的区别,打个比方,report就和essay不一样。本文我们主要为大家分析该如何写essay.

  • Essay是一般意义上的英文论文,总体上分为introduction,main body和conclusion三个部分。

  • Report分为executive summary,introduction,main body,conclusion和recommendations。这种区别是由report本身的特点决定的,report旨在找到problems,并针对其给出相应的recommendations.

写以上所有类型的英文论文都需要从introduction开始,那么怎么写introduction呢,一般来说,按照这样的套路写,就不会有大问题:

Lead-in→background/context→reference to relevant studies/literature→critical analysis→thesis statement/main argument→organization/layout of the writing,下面用一个具体例子来说明。

essay introduction写作举例

introduction过后,就是main body,body部分是由几个paragraphs构成的,那么每个paragraph怎么写呢,一般来说,paragraph writing包含以下四点:

  1. A linking word(a word or short phrase that signposts to the reader what is now about to be written is linked to what has been written in the previous paragraph;

  • An opening statement that informs the reader of what the paragraph will be about(known as a“topic sentence”);

  • Between 2-3 controlling ideas(ofen,these are opinions/points of view);

  • It must be demonstrated why each controlling idea has been mentioned(why you think this idea is important).

  • 举个例子,假如下面的这个事introduction:

    essay introduction写作举例

    那么,接下来的一个paragraph可以是:

    essay paragraph

    这段话,遵循的“套路”就是:

    linking word+topic sentence+controlling idea+why important

    body部分完了就是conclusion,conclusion相对简单,主要由两部分组成:

    reworded thesis statement+clincher

    essay conclusion的作用

    • Reworded thesis statement

    作用:remainds readers of the main point of the writing

    方法:similar to the reworded topic sentence that one works with on the one-paragraph essay.

    • Clincher

    作用:to give readers a sense of finality

    方法:resonate with the motivator in introduction

    注:conclusion一般情况下只能有一段话。

    有个必须要注意的问题:老师把抄袭现象视为违反了academic integrity,一旦被发现,轻则给低分或者要求重写,重则给0分甚至开除学校。所以,一定要学会把references的有用信息进行paraphrasing,不可直接引用过多甚至直接复制粘贴,因为任何的抄袭都逃不过turnitin的检测。

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